Scotland’s New IVF Rules To End Postcode Lottery

New criteria, designed to make access to fertility treatment fairer in Scotland, promises that women under 40 can have two cycles of IVF funded by the NHS. This follows further investment of £12 million over three years to drive down waiting times.

However, treatment will be limited to patients who are not obese, where neither partner smokes nor drinks alcohol before or during treatment.

The new guidance from the National Infertility Group also states that the couple should be in a stable, co-habiting relationship for at least two years before starting treatment. The group has since conceded, though, that this particular criteria may be difficult to police.

The new rules will effectively mean an end to Scotland’s IVF Postcode Lottery, with those areas already providing three cycles of IVF (currently half of all health boards in Scotland) similarly required to provide only two cycles in future.

The report reveals wide differences between boards in terms of waiting times. At the end of last year, these ranged from no waiting time in NHS Borders, to three to six months in NHS Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles, to a high of three years and eight months in Grampian.

Boards also often have different criteria dictating who is eligible for treatment. The guidance gives women a guaranteed maximum of two fresh cycles of IVF up to the age of 40.

The new guidelines also guarantee women aged 40 to 42 one full cycle of IVF if they meet extra criteria, which shows they would have a reasonable chance of becoming pregnant. From 31 March, 2015, all couples will start treatment within 12 months of being accepted for IVF.

The Scottish Health Minister, Mr Matheson, said: “Currently, the service and criteria offered to women vary across the country. This is not acceptable. For the first time, NHS provision of IVF will not vary, regardless of where you live.

“All patients in Scotland will have access to a more generous and fairer service than elsewhere in the UK.”

Opposition politicians welcomed moves to make access more equal, but questioned the drop in provision.

New rules include:

NHS IVF services are provided in centres in Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow. The access recommendations for all couples from 1 July, 2013, are:

• Eligible patients up to the age of 40 may be offered up to two cycles of IVF where there is a reasonable expectation of a live birth.

• Both partners must be non-smoking for at least three months before treatment and continue to be non-smoking during treatment.

• Both partners must abstain from illegal and abusive substances.

• Both partners must be methadone-free for at least one year prior to treatment.

• Neither partner should drink alcohol prior to or during the period of treatment.

• Body mass index (BMI) of female partner must be above 18.5 and below 30.

• Neither partner to have undergone voluntary sterilisation, even if sterilisation reversal has been self-funded.

• Couples must have been co-habiting in a stable relationship for a minimum of two years.

• NHS funding will not be provided to couples where either partner has already received the number of NHS-funded IVF treatment cycles supported by NHS Scotland, regardless of where in the UK they received treatment.

• No individual (male or female) can access more than the number of NHS-funded IVF treatment cycles supported by NHS Scotland under any circumstances, even if they are in a new relationship.

• Patients should not be placed at the end of the waiting list following an unsuccessful treatment cycle.

If you would like to discuss your situation in more detail, or you would like more information about UK fertility law, please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or call +44 (0)207 222 1244.

Irish Government to Appeal Surrogacy Ruling

The Irish Government’s Department of Social Protection last week confirmed that it will appeal a landmark Supreme Court ruling that allowed the genetic mother of twin girls – born to the woman’s sister, who acted as surrogate – to be named as the legal mother on her twins’ birth certificates. The birth mother had supported the original application.

Announcing its intention to appeal, the Department of Social Protection said that, whilst it was “extremely mindful of the family at the centre of this case”, the Government had agreed the judgment was “of exceptional public importance” and therefore should be appealed.

However, the spokesperson was keen to point out that the move to appeal did not automatically mean that the Government opposed the outcome of the ruling, rather that the judgment “… raises important questions about how motherhood may be determined under Irish law,” and that, consequently, there are a number of important legal points of great public interest that require clarification.

The Department warned that the wording of the judgments could, in future, restrict the ability of the Irish parliament to legislate on surrogacy and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. At the time of writing, the Irish Justice Minister, Alan Shatter, is preparing a new Family Relationships and Children Bill for consideration before the Irish parliament, which it is expected will address issues surrounding surrogacy law.

At present, there are no laws governing surrogacy or other assisted reproductive treatments in Ireland. Consequently, it is expected that the Supreme Court will fast track the appeal, in circumstances where the solicitor for the couple at the centre of the case has already warned of possible delay the appeal process may cause her clients, however any fast tracked appeal may still take several years to conclude.

If you would like to discuss your situation or you would like more information about surrogacy, please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or telephone Louisa on +44 (0)207 222 1244.

New IVF technology sparks patents row

The scientific community has criticised Stanford University and US biotechnology company Auxogyn for their involvement in patenting a test designed to increase the success of IVF, described earlier in this blog.

The patents cover the predictive parameters used in the Early Embryo Viability Assessment (Eeva) test, where time-lapse photography of days-old embryos are studied to determine  the likely viability for implantation using IVF.

The patents were issued to Stanford University by the US Patent and Trademark Office and are licensed exclusively to California-based biotechnology company Auxogyn.

Auxogyn reports using the test can improve the ability to identify embryos with the strongest potential to continue development from 60 percent of the time to 85 percent of the time, as was estimated by the Nottingham-based clinicians who first developed the procedure.

The test is currently available in six locations across the UK and Ireland, and is being trialed in the US.

However, embryologist and co-founder of private genetics company Reprogenetics, Jacques Cohen, argued the patents relate to naturally occurring phenomena, and was quoted in The Guardian as saying the decision to patent the procedure will make treatments “prohibitively expensive”. He has called for fellow scientists to campaign against the decision.

In an article for the journal Reproductive BioMedicine Online, titled ‘On Patenting Time And Other Natural Phenomena’, Cohen wrote: “The length of the cell cycle is not an invention and its key role in development is not a new observation; it is an indisputable and well‐known fact of nature.”

The row started in the wake of the Myriad trial, where the patentability of human genes is being considered at the US Supreme Court.

There are fears the US patents will reduce the availability of the test, which could benefit many couples, about one in six of whom have difficulty conceiving. In the UK, others have argued that, as the Eeva technology is likely to become an essential component of IVF treatment, the patent-associated expense may reduce the likelihood that the NHS will continue to make available IVF to couples who qualify.

If you would like to discuss your situation in more detail, or you would like more information about UK fertility law, please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or call +44 (0)207 222 1244.

Quebec to review IVF provision

The assembly government in Canada’s French-speaking district of Quebec recently announced it is undertaking a wide-ranging review of IVF treatment in the province.

The minister for Health, Réjean Hébert, confirmed that several dozen groups, specialists, professional associations, women’s rights groups and private clinic operators have been asked to appear before Quebec’s Health and Welfare Commissioner, Robert Salois.

Quebec is one of the few jurisdictions in the world to offer fully covered assisted reproductive treatments paid for by a public health system.

The opposition party has criticized the move, though. Former health minister and Liberal MNA, Yves Bolduc, who introduced the program in 2010 expressed concerns that the government’s decision to review it was the first step to introducing user-fees to cover the costs of the treatments.

“The need to review ethical standards is one thing. But it is quite another to call into question a program that is a model in the world. In certain areas, we have proven to be the best. Why call into question a program where we have proven to be the best?” Mr Bolduc said.

The ministry confirmed that the review had no intention of outlawing the practice but that serious consideration was being given to whether or not the Quebec government would continue to provide the treatment free of charge.

In his review of the program, Mr. Salois also has the mandate to compare the Quebec program to what exists in other countries as well as in other provinces and examine the laws that oversee assisted conception and the services offered to women.

Health minister Hébert noted that the cost of the program has skyrocketed since it was introduced in 2010, costing the province about $60-million a year.

The review of the program will be completed later this year with proposed changes expected early in 2014.

If you would like to discuss your situation in more detail, or you would like more information about UK fertility law, please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or call +44 (0)207 222 1244.

Revolutionary new technique could boost IVF success rates

Nottingham-based fertility doctors have introduced a radical technique into the IVF process that could increase live birth rates as a result of IVF by almost 50%, according to a study in the recent edition of the journal Reproductive Medicine Online. Dr Simon Fishel, director of Nottingham’s Care Fertility Group, which undertook the study, said that it was “probably the most exciting breakthrough we’ve had in 30 years.”

The new system tracks the early development of fertilised embryos that are monitored in unique incubators fitted with specialist high-powered time-lapse cameras. Over the embryos’ first five days, the cameras capture 5,000 highly detailed pictures of the developing embryos, enabling doctors to identify the healthiest (and therefore most likely to lead to live births) embryos for implantation.

As part of the new technique, the doctors developed computer software that enabled them to rank fertilised embryos according to their risk of carrying abnormal chromosomes.

A healthy embryo is comprised of 23 pairs of chromosomes. Sadly, more than half contain too few or too many chromosomes. Such embryos, if successfully implanted, often result in miscarriages whilst others may lead to children born with genetic disorders.

At present, in the UK, only around 24% of IVF embryos implanted into women will result in live births, dependent upon variable factors such as age or the type of fertility problems involved. When this procedure was trialled, the Care Group were able to select the embryos for implantation according to their risk status. Of those ‘low risk’ embryos implanted, the live birth rate was 61%. 

Despite the widespread use of such specialist incubators, at this time the £750 procedure is not available within the NHS, although many other fertility treatment providers including the NHS may look to adopt the practice.

This news will provide encouraging reading for infertile couples seeking to build their family through IVF or surrogacy the world over, who sometimes endure further heartbreak on account of the often unpredictable success rates of embryo implantation.

If you would like to discuss your situation in more detail, or you would like more information about UK fertility law, please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or call +44 (0)207 222 1244.

US surrogacy agent sentenced for defrauding intended parents

On Monday 13 May 2013, a US woman who defrauded intended parents, surrogates and financial institutions of $2.4 million, was sentenced to 5 years and 3 months in prison.

Tonya Collins, 37, of Modesto, California, established a surrogacy agency, SurroGenesis, which she used as a front to carry out a scheme to defraud prospective parents between November 2006 and March 2009, directing them to pay their funds into an independent personal property escrow company. During investigations by the FBI, it emerged that, in fact, Ms Collins owned the escrow company in question and had used the money deposited by intended parents to fund her lavish lifestyle. She is reported to have used the funds to purchase expensive cars, homes, jewellery, clothing and vacations for herself and others.

US Attorney Wagner said “Tonya Collins orchestrated a cruel fraud, the effects of which are still being felt by the victims. She not only stole victim’s funds from their escrow accounts, but in many cases caused other injuries to victims, permanently foreclosing certain victims’ ability to proceed with a surrogate pregnancy for which they had planned for many years.”

In addition to her prison sentence, Ms Collins has also been ordered to pay restitution to her victims. She will begin her jail term on 27 June 2013, whilst a hearing to determine restitution amounts due to each victim has been scheduled for 29 July 2013.

This case illustrates the palpable problems and risks associated with international surrogacy and unregulated surrogacy agencies. Whilst many intended parents have a positive surrogacy experience and achieve their goal of a much-wanted child, some (as in this case) are not so lucky.

If you would like to discuss your situation or you would like more information about surrogacy, please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or telephone Louisa on +44 (0)207 222 1244.

Zachary Quinto: seeking the final frontier

Following her articles on Matt Bomer and Rosie O’Donnell, Louisa has penned Pink Parenting’s cover story for their May/June edition, this time on Hollywood’s hottest property, Zachary Quinto.

Zach is the co-lead in one of 2013′s most anticipated movies, Star Trek: Into Darkness, in which he has reprised his role as everyone’s favourite half-Vulcan, Spock.

Off-screen, though, Zachary remains a leading man. He became Hollywood’s first openly-gay blockbuster actor when he decided to come out in 2011; boldly going where no A-lister has gone before. His unique candour and public commitment to LGBT equality, combined with his commanding roles in cult franchises 24, Heroes, and, of course, Star Trek, has won him legions of dedicated fans.

Louisa’s article looks at Zachary’s journey to-date and where the now-happily-partnered actor might like to head next, as well as discussing some of the legal issues gay parents-to-be need to consider. To read the full article, click here.

Louisa Ghevaert lectures the American Bar Association on fertility law

Louisa was delighted to attend the American Bar Association’s Spring 2013 Family Law Conference in Anchorage, Alaska, last week where she gave a specialist fertility law lecture to leading assisted reproduction lawyers from around the world.

The ABA conference was well attended by specialist assisted reproduction and family lawyers from across the US and beyond and it offered a variety of speaking and training programmes on subjects as varied as developments in international assisted reproduction law to pet custody law and practice.

Louisa joined an international panel of specialist lawyers from Australia, Argentina and the US, all of whom provided updates on recent assisted reproduction case law and policy changes in what remains a fast moving area.  Louisa presented a comprehensive overview of the differing and often fragmented approaches to fertility and assisted reproduction law across Europe and the complex legal issues arising within the  international fertility sector. 

In the absence of international consensus on assisted reproduction law and policy, ABA’s commitment to assisted reproduction and its work within the global fertility sector plays a valuable role in improving awareness and understanding of the complex practical, legal and policy issues associated with fertility treatment, donor conception, surrogacy and alternative family formation.

The ABA conference was set against the stunning backdrop of the Alaskan landscape, which boasted unrivalled access to the state’s glaciers, coastline, flora and fauna.  The conference staged a breathtaking train trip along the coast, enabling lawyers to come together as a group to discuss their legal practice and share information as well as enjoy some of the world’s most beautiful natural heritage.

If you would like to discuss more information about the legal issues arising from fertility treatment, donor conception, surrogacy or alternative family formation please click here or email louisa.ghevaert@porterdodson.co.uk or call +44 (0)207 222 1244.